Millwork Shop Drawings and Basic Drafting Standards

Questions Regarding Millwork Shop Drawings and Drafting Call 772-408-8175

Now I generally like to Blog about things that will help Educate our Clients so here is a little About Drafting and Drafting Standards. 

Drawing is considered to be a universal language. 

Drafting is a technical drawing used by designers to graphically present ideas and represent objects necessary for a designed environment. A set of these drafted illustrations is called a construction document (CD). There are common rules and standards to ensure that all designers are able to understand what is in the drawing. These design drawings use a graphic language to communicate each and every piece of information necessary to convey an idea and ultimately create a design.

Architectural drafting.

Architectural drafting is basically pictorial images of buildings, interiors, details, or other items that need to be built. These are different from other types of drawings as they are drawn to scale, include accurate measurements and detailed information, and other information necessary to build a structure. These documents are graphic representations to communicate how to do the construction,
remodeling, or installation of a design project. These include drawings for floor plans, elevations, sections, details, ceiling plans, finish schedules, and mechanical information such as electrical, plumbing, air conditioning, and heating plans.

Types of Drafting

There are three categories of drawings in interior design: process drawings (preliminary images, sketches, schematics, etc.),construction documents (drafted drawings, working drawings, plans, elevations, sections, details, etc.), and presentation drawings (illustrated sketches and three-dimensional views including perspectives, obliques, isometrics, etc.).
A Major Phase are the drafted drawing of which there are also three different types: technical sketch, mechanical drafting, and CAD (computer-aided drafting). These all fall under the heading of architectural drafting as they each convey building detail in scale and use of a common
graphic language.

Technical Sketch

Like an artist may use sketches to develop ideas for a painting or sculpture, technical sketches are used during the development of ideas for initial or preliminary plans. The ability to make quick and accurate sketches is a valuable advantage that helps you convey design ideas to others. A sketch may be of an object, an idea of something you are thinking about, or a combination of both.

Mechanical Drafting

Mechanical drafting is a refined style of drawing in which the pencil or pen is guided by devices such as t-squares, parallel rules, straightedges, compasses, triangles, and French curves. These drawings are developed only after the conceptual phase of a project has been completed and the design is finalized. However, it is typical to see revisions of construction documents as well as Millwork Shop Drawings Redlined in this Mechanical drafting style. However Since the advent of CAD the large majority of Drafting is performed on a Computer screen!

Computer Drafting

CAD is Our primary Drafting type for doing Millwork Shop Drawings.
When drafted documents are prepared on a computer, they are referred to as computer-aided drafting (CAD). An advantage of CAD is the speed of revisions to a document. Instead of redrafting an entire page alterations can be made quickly and easily and the page reprinted or plotted. CAD drawings can also be easily stored electronically and shipped to other designers who can make revisions or alterations. A large amount of design and drafting work can be completed quickly on CAD, however, you will still find need to use technical or mechanical drafting for design development and Redlines.

Drafting Sheet Size

According to ANSI (American National Standards Institute) in the United States an 8.5 x 11 inch piece of paper is an architectural “A” size sheet. This is typically referred to as letter size. The “B” size sheets are 11 x 17 and are typically referred to as a "tabloid" size sheet of paper. The “C” size sheets are 18 x 24 inches and the “D” size sheets are 24 x 36 inches. In the Millwork Shop Drawing Industry we find that Architect work on big paper "Arch D" so most Architects like to get big paper back as a Shop Drawing Submittal. Another thing that leads us to us Arch size "D" in the Millwork Shop Drawing Industry is the AWI Standards in which we govern ourselves by.   AWI calls for a Minimum Scale of 1" for plans and elevations and 1-1/2" scale for sections and full to half scale Details.


Questions Regarding Millwork Shop Drawings and Drafting Call 772-408-8175

Cad-Con Design LLC Provides Millwork and casework Shop Drawings to Millwork Shops Architects and General Contractors From New york, to Detroit, Denver, Houston, Florida and all over the 50 United States. Cad-Con Design LLC is American owned and operated.

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Drafting Manually or by instrument

The basic drafting procedure is to place a piece of paper (or other material) on a smooth surface with right-angle corners and straight sides—typically a drawing board. A sliding straightedge known as a T-square is then placed on one of the sides, allowing it to be slid across the side of the table, and over the surface of the paper.

"Parallel lines" can be drawn simply by moving the T-square and running a pencil or technical pen along the T-square's edge, but more typically the T-square is used as a tool to hold other devices such as set squares or triangles. In this case the drafter places one or more triangles of known angles on the T-square—which is itself at right angles to the edge of the table—and can then draw lines at any chosen angle to others on the page. Modern drafting tables (which have by now largely been replaced by CAD workstations) come equipped with a drafting machine that is supported on both sides of the table to slide over a large piece of paper. Because it is secured on both sides, lines drawn along the edge are guaranteed to be parallel.

In addition, the drafter uses several tools to draw curves and circles. Primary among these are the compasses, used for drawing simple arcs and circles, and the French curve, typically a piece of plastic with complex curves on it. A spline is a rubber coated articulated metal that can be manually bent to most curves.

Drafting templates assist the drafter with creating recurring objects in a drawing without having to reproduce the object from scratch every time. This is especially useful when using common symbols; i.e. in the context of stagecraft, a lighting designer will typically draw from the USITT standard library of lighting fixture symbols to indicate the position of a common fixture across multiple positions. Templates are sold commercially by a number of vendors, usually customized to a specific task, but it is also not uncommon for a drafter to create their own templates.

This basic drafting system requires an accurate table and constant attention to the positioning of the tools. A common error is to allow the triangles to push the top of the T-square down slightly, thereby throwing off all angles. Even tasks as simple as drawing two angled lines meeting at a point require a number of moves of the T-square and triangles, and in general drafting can be a time consuming process.

A solution to these problems was the introduction of the mechanical "drafting machine", an application of the pantograph (sometimes referred to incorrectly as a "pentagraph" in these situations) which allowed the drafter to have an accurate right angle at any point on the page quite quickly. These machines often included the ability to change the angle, thereby removing the need for the triangles as well.

In addition to the mastery of the mechanics of drawing lines, arcs and circles (and text) onto a piece of paper—with respect to the detailing of physical objects—the drafting effort requires a thorough understanding of geometry, trigonometry and spatial comprehension, and in all cases demands precision and accuracy, and attention to detail of high order.

Although drafting is sometimes accomplished by a project engineer, architect—or even by shop personnel such as a machinist—skilled drafters (and/or designers) usually accomplish the task and are always in demand to some level.

Architects Outsourcing Drafting Services to India could find them selves subject to disciplinary penalties in Florida.

You will find tons of web sites on Outsourced Autocad Drafting to India, type in the related keywords and you would be amazed to find the overflowing list of firms that would be, more than eager to serve you, but if you are a Florida Architect you Might just want to think twice, read Below and go with a local Drafting Service.

61G1-23.015 Responsible Supervising Control Over Architectural Practice Outside of the Architect’s Office.
An architect may seal and sign any documents, instruments of service, specifications, reports or other work which requires the seal and signature of a registered architect prepared outside of the architect’s office, so long as all of the procedures set forth below are met. This Rule (61G1-23.015, F.A.C.) does not address the procedures required of an architect in sealing and signing work which falls within the definition of “interior design” as that term is defined in Section 481.203(8), F.S.
(1) The architect accepts professional responsibility for all architectural design activities of a project performed outside of the architect’s office throughout design development and the production of all documents and instruments of service. The architect shall prepare and maintain as evidence of the architect’s continuing effort in such work: written calculations, correspondence, time records, check prints, telephone logs, site visit logs or research done for the project and shall provide such evidence to state or local authorities upon their request.
(2) The architect maintains written documentation that the architect has personally supervised the preparation of all documents and instruments of service, reviewed all project data, personally inspected the project site and entered into a written agreement with the persons preparing the documents accepting professional responsibility for such work.
(3) The architect makes certain, if the work which the architect intends to seal and sign has been prepared by another person outside the architect’s office, that whenever such final work is submitted to a client, building owner or building user, the architect is present during such submissions in order to respond to questions from the client, owner or user. The architect shall maintain written minutes of such a submission meeting.
(4) If an architect fails to maintain written documentation of the items set forth in subsections (1)-(3) above, when such are applicable, then the architect shall be considered to be in violation of Section 481.221(4) and (5), F.S., and the architect shall be subject to disciplinary penalties as provided in paragraph 61G1-12.004(2)(c), F.A.C., “Plan Stamping.”
Specific Authority 481.203(16), 481.2055 FS. Law Implemented 481.205(4), 481.221(4), (5), 481.223, 481.225 FS. History–New 11-21-94.
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL REGULATION Rule: 61G1-23.015

By: Roger A.G. Templeman

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